chapter 1
Sensitive Topics
At the beginning of this guide, it is crucial to define the specificity of the thematic field being discussed and to outline the range of ethical, semantic, and instrumental constraints that need to be considered.

Sensitive topics touch on areas of personal or collective, but always painful, experiences and are often difficult to perceive and address in the public space. Such topics can have ambiguous and contradictory interpretations.

The consequences of working with sensitive topics can affect people’s feelings, rights, and, in some cases, even their lives.

Once we acknowledge the high degree of responsibility of all participants in the design process, discussing the risks that may arise at any stage of the work — from preparation to launch — is immediately necessary.

It is also important to clarify right away a distinctive feature of this guide: by project participants, we mean all the people involved in the life of the project: subjects, authors, and viewers.

When choosing a topic and deciding to start a project, it is essential to consider and present all potential scenarios for project development and their possible consequences — both during content development and after project publication.

What risks can project participants face?
RISKS FOR
SUBJECTS:
1

Violation of personal boundaries;

2
Visualizing painful experiences can become a psychological trauma during or after participation in the project;
3
Publishing heavy experiences or descriptions of violence may be undesirable and inappropriate for the subject’s close circle, potentially affecting relationships between people. Anonymity does not always solve this issue;
4
Political persecution and other forms of discrimination are due to the position represented by the subjects or the information they provide.
1

Violation of personal boundaries;

2
Visualizing painful experiences can become a psychological trauma during or after participation in the project;
3
Publishing heavy experiences or descriptions of violence may be undesirable and inappropriate for the subject’s close circle, potentially affecting relationships between people. Anonymity does not always solve this issue;
4
Political persecution and other forms of discrimination are due to the position represented by the subjects or the information they provide.
RISKS FOR
AUTHORS:
1

When dealing with sensitive topics, it is difficult to predict the scale of public response, which may be unpredictable in nature and content;

2
When working on cases involving conflicts
between several parties, alternative
viewpoints can be overlooked, and all levels of circumstances might not be considered;
3
Authors may unconsciously become carriers of the interests of one party in the conflict, assuming the role of defenders or bearers
of an absolute truth;
4
Addressing topics involving violence and aggression can risk increasing the significance or even popularization of violence and its
presence in people’s lives;
5
Like project subjects, authors can become victims of political persecution or other forms of discrimination.
1

When dealing with sensitive topics, it is difficult to predict the scale of public response, which may be unpredictable in nature and content;

2
When working on cases involving conflicts
between several parties, alternative
viewpoints can be overlooked, and all levels of circumstances might not be considered;
3
Authors may unconsciously become carriers of the interests of one party in the conflict, assuming the role of defenders or bearers
of an absolute truth;
4
Addressing topics involving violence and aggression can risk increasing the significance or even popularization of violence and its
presence in people’s lives;
5
Like project subjects, authors can become victims of political persecution or other forms of discrimination.
Depiction of terrorism should not be
the photo of the year — I voted against it.
Stuart Franklin

Recall the controversial episode related to the 2017 World Press Photo contest. The winner in the category of Spot News was a photograph showing the killer of the Russian ambassador at the opening of an exhibition in an art gallery in Ankara. This photograph was also named Photograph of the Year. Jury chairman Stuart Franklin was against this decision and opened a discussion that became an intense debate within the photographic community. Franklin expressed concern that if the world’s top photojournalism competition selects an image depicting violence as Photograph of the Year, it could equate to normalizing murder. Franklin also argued that every circle of authoritative professionals in any field carries responsibility for defining norms and ideals in the public space.

I fear that by awarding the highest prize and thus giving it additional fame, we are strengthening the terrorist’s influence.
Stuart Franklin
RISKS FOR
VIEWERS:
1

Experiencing excessive agitation from the material may lead them to distance themselves from the topic or even feel aversion towards it, resulting in rejection and reluctance to show empathy, participation, and assistance;

2
In some cases, under the influence of a strong shock, they may experience something akin to the «Stockholm Syndrome» — taking the side of violence as a form of protective reaction.
1

Experiencing excessive agitation from the material may lead them to distance themselves from the topic or even feel aversion towards it, resulting in rejection and reluctance to show empathy, participation, and assistance;

2
In some cases, under the influence of a strong shock, they may experience something akin to the «Stockholm Syndrome» — taking the side of violence as a form of protective reaction.
Discussing sensitive topics means dealing with the vulnerable area of human rights. However, as stated above, the rights of project participants include not only those of the subjects but also of the authors and future viewers.

We want to convey to the readers of this guide the understanding that a project is an indivisible space of values. Therefore, every part of the project — from material collection to the development process or final publication — should not cause harm, violate ethics, or offend the feelings of anyone involved.

A significant internal criterion and hint in ethical matters is the balance of resources and effects — are our actions and their consequences commensurate with the results we aim to achieve?

The project’s effects will be discussed in detail in the next chapter.